What Does a Police Officer Do?
Whether a call is a fender bender, a break-in or a family fight, residents still rely on patrol officers to show up, calm things down and sort out what happened. As a patrol officer you'll answer calls, enforce traffic and criminal laws and write the reports that prosecutors and courts depend on. This might involve city streets, county roads, transit systems or a university campus.
Also known as: Senior Police Officer, Police Corporal, Police Officer Recruit
Other Job Titles for This Work
Workers in this occupation report titles such as Deputy, Deputy Sheriff, Law Enforcement Officer, Patrol Deputy, Patrol Officer, Peace Officer, Police Patrol Officer, Public Safety Officer.
Police Officer Duties and Responsibilities
The primary responsibilities of a police officer include:
- Patrol an assigned beat by car, bike or foot and watch for crimes and hazards.
- Respond to calls ranging from alarms and thefts to domestic disputes and crashes.
- Stop drivers for traffic violations, issue citations and check for impairment.
- Interview victims, witnesses and suspects and collect evidence at scenes.
- Arrest suspects, search them safely and book them into the jail.
- Write clear incident, arrest and crash reports before the end of each shift.
- Testify in court and at hearings about arrests, evidence and what was observed.
- Give first aid and use a defibrillator until paramedics arrive.
- Meet residents and business owners on the beat to hear concerns and solve recurring problems.
- Train recruits as a field training officer, or lead a squad as corporal in some departments.
Required Skills and Qualifications
To succeed as a police officer, you will need the following skills and qualifications:
- State POST certification after the academy
- Physical fitness for foot pursuits and struggles
- De-escalation and crisis communication
- Report writing that holds up in court
- Firearms, defensive tactics and emergency driving
- Sound judgment under stress
- Knowledge of criminal and traffic law
- Integrity and a clean background
Education and Training
Most police officers learn through a police academy and months of field training, but some start out by working as cadets, community service officers or military police. Most states require officers to be POST certified. BLS lists a high school diploma as the typical entry education, though many departments prefer or require some college.
Salary and Job Outlook
Typical pay: $59,290 - $97,600 per year, with a median of $76,210.
The range covers the middle half of earners nationwide. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers.
BLS projects employment of police and sheriff's patrol officers to grow 3.5 percent from 2025 to 2035. Openings should average about 51,500 a year across the country, most of them from retirements and officers leaving the profession. Hiring often rises and falls with city budgets, but departments will keep needing officers as towns grow and veterans retire.
Outlook source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2025 to 2035, Police and sheriff's patrol officers.
Police Officer Pay Range
| Earners | Annual pay |
|---|---|
| Bottom 10% earn less than | $47,510 |
| Bottom 25% earn less than | $59,290 |
| Median (half earn more, half less) | $76,210 |
| Top 25% earn more than | $97,600 |
| Top 10% earn more than | $115,120 |
Highest-Paying States for Police Officers
The states with the highest median pay for this occupation are California ($118,880), Washington ($102,080), Illinois ($100,520), Alaska ($99,130), Colorado ($97,350). Pay is lowest in Louisiana ($48,380), Arkansas ($47,670), Mississippi ($46,140).
Median pay in all 51 states with BLS data
| State | Median annual pay |
|---|---|
| Alabama | $51,270 |
| Alaska | $99,130 |
| Arizona | $78,880 |
| Arkansas | $47,670 |
| California | $118,880 |
| Colorado | $97,350 |
| Connecticut | $82,170 |
| Delaware | $92,970 |
| District of Columbia | $88,650 |
| Florida | $74,470 |
| Georgia | $58,120 |
| Hawaii | $83,820 |
| Idaho | $66,990 |
| Illinois | $100,520 |
| Indiana | $73,370 |
| Iowa | $74,470 |
| Kansas | $59,230 |
| Kentucky | $60,490 |
| Louisiana | $48,380 |
| Maine | $67,050 |
| Maryland | $77,970 |
| Massachusetts | $78,940 |
| Michigan | $73,730 |
| Minnesota | $83,360 |
| Mississippi | $46,140 |
| Missouri | $59,460 |
| Montana | $70,050 |
| Nebraska | $74,620 |
| Nevada | $78,140 |
| New Hampshire | $71,640 |
| New Jersey | $92,610 |
| New Mexico | $69,180 |
| New York | $92,790 |
| North Carolina | $59,300 |
| North Dakota | $74,500 |
| Ohio | $77,020 |
| Oklahoma | $59,700 |
| Oregon | $88,140 |
| Pennsylvania | $85,470 |
| Rhode Island | $77,230 |
| South Carolina | $58,070 |
| South Dakota | $60,740 |
| Tennessee | $59,280 |
| Texas | $75,900 |
| Utah | $77,310 |
| Vermont | $68,910 |
| Virginia | $65,870 |
| Washington | $102,080 |
| West Virginia | $56,960 |
| Wisconsin | $78,090 |
| Wyoming | $66,140 |
What the Work Is Like
O*NET surveys people who work as police and sheriff's patrol officers about their daily conditions. Of those surveyed:
- 96% say being exact and accurate is very or extremely important
- 94% deal with rude or angry people at least once a week
- 91% say teamwork is very or extremely important in their job
- 78% are on the phone every day
- 74% work outdoors in all kinds of weather every day
- 69% usually work more than 40 hours a week
- 62% have a lot of freedom to make decisions
Education Workers Say the Job Needs
| Education level | Share of workers |
|---|---|
| High school diploma or GED | 40% |
| Post-secondary certificate | 21% |
| Associate's degree | 17% |
| Some college | 15% |
Tools and Software Police Officers Use
Tools and equipment
Software
Is This Job a Good Fit for You?
People who do well in this job tend to enjoy hands-on work with tools, machines or the outdoors as well as organized work with data, records and clear procedures.
Skills O*NET rates most important: Active Listening, Speaking, Social Perceptiveness, Critical Thinking, Active Learning, Reading Comprehension.
Knowledge areas used most: Public Safety and Security, Law and Government, English Language, Psychology, Customer and Personal Service.
Preparation: O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone 3 of 5, which means medium preparation.
Related Careers
These jobs use similar skills, according to O*NET's related-occupation data:
Applying for a Police Officer Job
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Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2025 to 2035.
- O*NET 30.1 Database, occupation 33-3051.00 (Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers). View on O*NET OnLine.
This page includes information from the O*NET 30.1 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. The Job Explorer has modified some of the information; USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these changes.