What Does a Musical Instrument Repair Technician Do?
Musicians who like to tinker often find their way into repair work. Musical instrument repair technicians tune, adjust and fix pianos, brass, woodwinds and strings for music stores, schools, churches, orchestras and universities, and many specialize in pianos. Others take on everything from trumpets to cellos.
Also known as: Piano Technician, Musical Equipment Repair Technician
Other Job Titles for This Work
Workers in this occupation report titles such as Brass Instrument Repair Technician (Brass Instrument Repair Tech), Fretted String Instrument Repairer, Guitar Repairer, Instrument Repair Technician (Instrument Repair Tech), Luthier, Musical Instrument Repair Technician (Musical Instrument Repair Tech), Piano Technician (Piano Tech), Piano Tuner.
Musical Instrument Repair Technician Duties and Responsibilities
The primary responsibilities of a musical instrument repair technician include:
- Tune pianos in practice rooms, studios and concert halls, often right before recitals and recordings.
- Regulate piano actions so keys, hammers and dampers respond evenly under a player's hands.
- Voice hammers with needles and files to even out a piano's tone from bass to treble.
- Replace broken strings, worn hammers, key bushings and pedal parts.
- Repair dents, stuck valves and leaking pads on brass and woodwind instruments.
- Rehair bows and fit bridges, soundposts and pegs on violins, violas and cellos.
- Solder loose braces and keys, and clean and oil school instruments at the end of each term.
- Monitor humidity in piano rooms and maintain climate control units such as Dampp-Chaser systems.
- Keep an inventory of loaner instruments, parts and supplies, and log every repair.
- Advise faculty on which instruments to repair, rebuild or replace as budgets allow.
Required Skills and Qualifications
To succeed as a musical instrument repair technician, you will need the following skills and qualifications:
- A trained ear for pitch and tone
- Aural tuning, plus electronic tuning software such as CyberTuner
- Piano regulation and hammer voicing
- Soldering, pad replacement and dent work
- Fine hand skills and patience
- Woodworking for cracked soundboards and bridges
- Knowledge of how humidity affects wooden instruments
- Piano Technicians Guild RPT credential, which many schools prefer
Education and Training
An apprenticeship with an experienced repairer is the traditional route for high school graduates, and piano technology or band instrument repair programs teach the same skills in a classroom. Being able to play makes it easier to hear what an instrument needs. Some technicians later earn the Piano Technicians Guild's Registered Piano Technician title. Others open their own shops.
Salary and Job Outlook
Typical pay: $37,670 - $58,430 per year, with a median of $46,420.
The range covers the middle half of earners nationwide. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners.
According to BLS, employment of musical instrument repairers and tuners is projected to grow about 2 percent from 2025 to 2035. It is a small trade. BLS expects only about 600 openings a year nationwide, so an apprenticeship can take patience to find. That is why technicians often build a private tuning business alongside a school or shop job.
Outlook source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2025 to 2035, Musical instrument repairers and tuners.
Musical Instrument Repair Technician Pay Range
| Earners | Annual pay |
|---|---|
| Bottom 10% earn less than | $31,220 |
| Bottom 25% earn less than | $37,670 |
| Median (half earn more, half less) | $46,420 |
| Top 25% earn more than | $58,430 |
| Top 10% earn more than | $71,600 |
Highest-Paying States for Musical Instrument Repair Technicians
The states with the highest median pay for this occupation are Michigan ($59,570), New Jersey ($58,730), Tennessee ($58,730), Maryland ($55,130), Oregon ($54,800). Pay is lowest in Oklahoma ($31,160), Georgia ($29,640), Mississippi ($23,980).
Median pay in all 34 states with BLS data
| State | Median annual pay |
|---|---|
| Arizona | $37,850 |
| California | $47,580 |
| Colorado | $43,670 |
| Connecticut | $52,940 |
| Florida | $44,030 |
| Georgia | $29,640 |
| Illinois | $49,250 |
| Indiana | $38,440 |
| Iowa | $38,700 |
| Kansas | $43,680 |
| Maine | $48,530 |
| Maryland | $55,130 |
| Massachusetts | $46,820 |
| Michigan | $59,570 |
| Minnesota | $44,230 |
| Mississippi | $23,980 |
| Missouri | $47,220 |
| Nevada | $38,500 |
| New Jersey | $58,730 |
| New York | $53,420 |
| North Carolina | $42,970 |
| North Dakota | $46,780 |
| Ohio | $39,900 |
| Oklahoma | $31,160 |
| Oregon | $54,800 |
| Pennsylvania | $47,520 |
| South Carolina | $44,870 |
| Tennessee | $58,730 |
| Texas | $48,250 |
| Utah | $50,180 |
| Virginia | $45,140 |
| Washington | $43,330 |
| West Virginia | $38,920 |
| Wisconsin | $46,540 |
What the Work Is Like
O*NET surveys people who work as musical instrument repairers and tuners about their daily conditions. Of those surveyed:
- 100% use their hands on tools, objects or controls for more than half the day
- 100% say being exact and accurate is very or extremely important
- 90% work indoors in a climate-controlled space every day
- 81% use email every day
- 80% are on the phone every day
- 77% have a lot of freedom to make decisions
- 50% deal with loud or distracting noise every day
Education Workers Say the Job Needs
| Education level | Share of workers |
|---|---|
| Post-secondary certificate | 55% |
| Less than high school | 18% |
| High school diploma or GED | 9% |
| Bachelor's degree | 9% |
Tools and Software Musical Instrument Repair Technicians Use
Tools and equipment
Software
Is This Job a Good Fit for You?
People who do well in this job tend to enjoy hands-on work with tools, machines or the outdoors as well as creative work and self-expression.
Skills O*NET rates most important: Quality Control Analysis, Troubleshooting, Repairing, Critical Thinking, Service Orientation, Complex Problem Solving.
Knowledge areas used most: Customer and Personal Service, Mechanical, Fine Arts, English Language, Administration and Management.
Preparation: O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone 3 of 5, which means medium preparation.
Related Careers
These jobs use similar skills, according to O*NET's related-occupation data:
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Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2025 to 2035.
- O*NET 30.1 Database, occupation 49-9063.00 (Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners). View on O*NET OnLine.
This page includes information from the O*NET 30.1 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. The Job Explorer has modified some of the information; USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these changes.