What Does a Boiler Operator Do?
Quiet shifts are the goal in a boiler plant. Boiler operators make the steam, heat and hot water that hospitals, universities, factories and other large buildings run on, watching gauges and keeping the equipment firing safely. Most work in shift crews that cover nights and weekends.
Other Job Titles for This Work
Workers in this occupation report titles such as Auxiliary Operator, Boiler Technician (Boiler Tech), Operating Engineer, Operator, Plant Utilities Engineer, Recovery Boiler Operator, Stationary Engineer, Stationary Steam Engineer.
Boiler Operator Duties and Responsibilities
The primary responsibilities of a boiler operator include:
- Fire up, adjust and shut down boilers to match steam or hot water demand across the site.
- Read gauges for water level, pressure and temperature; log the readings on every round.
- Test boiler water and add treatment chemicals to prevent scale and corrosion.
- Blow down boilers on schedule to clear sludge and keep water chemistry in range.
- Check burners, pumps, feedwater heaters and safety valves for leaks, noise or wear.
- Clean fire tubes and replace gaskets, seals and sight glasses during planned outages.
- Respond to low-water, flame-failure and high-pressure alarms and bring units back online safely.
- Switch burners from natural gas to fuel oil when the gas supply is curtailed.
- Prepare boilers for state or insurance inspections and keep operating certificates posted.
- Train newer operators on rounds, logbooks and emergency shutdown procedures.
Required Skills and Qualifications
To succeed as a boiler operator, you will need the following skills and qualifications:
- Boiler operator license where the state or city requires one
- Water chemistry testing and treatment
- Combustion controls and burner management systems
- Reading piping and instrument drawings
- Lockout/tagout and confined-space safety
- Alertness through long, quiet night shifts
- Mechanical aptitude for pumps, valves and fans
- Accurate log keeping
Education and Training
Boiler operators usually come in with a high school diploma and learn on the job under a licensed operator, but some start out by taking a power plant course at a community college. Many states and cities require operators to be licensed. Progress to a stationary engineer's license takes longer but is achievable once you log enough plant hours and pass a higher-grade exam.
Salary and Job Outlook
Typical pay: $63,160 - $101,150 per year, with a median of $78,620.
The range covers the middle half of earners nationwide. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators.
Employment of stationary engineers and boiler operators, the group this job belongs to, is projected to grow about 3 percent from 2025 to 2035, according to BLS. BLS also expects roughly 3,200 openings a year, most of them to replace operators who retire. As long as buildings need heat in winter, plants will need licensed operators to make sure the boilers run safely. Night shifts are the usual way in.
Outlook source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2025 to 2035, Stationary engineers and boiler operators.
Boiler Operator Pay Range
| Earners | Annual pay |
|---|---|
| Bottom 10% earn less than | $50,590 |
| Bottom 25% earn less than | $63,160 |
| Median (half earn more, half less) | $78,620 |
| Top 25% earn more than | $101,150 |
| Top 10% earn more than | $125,390 |
Highest-Paying States for Boiler Operators
The states with the highest median pay for this occupation are Illinois ($115,780), Wyoming ($111,920), Hawaii ($103,400), Connecticut ($94,870), New York ($94,070). Pay is lowest in Alabama ($53,470), West Virginia ($53,340), Louisiana ($47,750).
Median pay in all 51 states with BLS data
| State | Median annual pay |
|---|---|
| Alabama | $53,470 |
| Alaska | $88,330 |
| Arizona | $75,410 |
| Arkansas | $58,000 |
| California | $90,650 |
| Colorado | $81,310 |
| Connecticut | $94,870 |
| Delaware | $77,630 |
| District of Columbia | $90,470 |
| Florida | $65,040 |
| Georgia | $70,640 |
| Hawaii | $103,400 |
| Idaho | $64,460 |
| Illinois | $115,780 |
| Indiana | $67,560 |
| Iowa | $67,450 |
| Kansas | $64,490 |
| Kentucky | $66,770 |
| Louisiana | $47,750 |
| Maine | $62,910 |
| Maryland | $85,240 |
| Massachusetts | $80,800 |
| Michigan | $82,800 |
| Minnesota | $75,850 |
| Mississippi | $53,640 |
| Missouri | $72,620 |
| Montana | $77,690 |
| Nebraska | $64,930 |
| Nevada | $79,110 |
| New Hampshire | $66,180 |
| New Jersey | $76,560 |
| New Mexico | $74,480 |
| New York | $94,070 |
| North Carolina | $60,860 |
| North Dakota | $66,760 |
| Ohio | $75,470 |
| Oklahoma | $68,450 |
| Oregon | $67,630 |
| Pennsylvania | $72,900 |
| Rhode Island | $63,330 |
| South Carolina | $72,650 |
| South Dakota | $68,090 |
| Tennessee | $72,470 |
| Texas | $63,810 |
| Utah | $76,490 |
| Vermont | $68,400 |
| Virginia | $64,150 |
| Washington | $91,530 |
| West Virginia | $53,340 |
| Wisconsin | $61,170 |
| Wyoming | $111,920 |
What the Work Is Like
O*NET surveys people who work as stationary engineers and boiler operators about their daily conditions. Of those surveyed:
- 99% say teamwork is very or extremely important in their job
- 90% are on the phone every day
- 81% say being exact and accurate is very or extremely important
- 74% deal with loud or distracting noise every day
- 74% use email every day
- 64% work at heights at least once a week
- 62% work indoors in a climate-controlled space every day
Education Workers Say the Job Needs
| Education level | Share of workers |
|---|---|
| Post-secondary certificate | 47% |
| High school diploma or GED | 38% |
| Associate's degree | 11% |
Tools and Software Boiler Operators Use
Tools and equipment
Software
Is This Job a Good Fit for You?
People who do well in this job tend to enjoy hands-on work with tools, machines or the outdoors as well as organized work with data, records and clear procedures.
Skills O*NET rates most important: Operations Monitoring, Operation and Control, Active Listening, Critical Thinking, Equipment Maintenance, Troubleshooting.
Knowledge areas used most: Mechanical, Chemistry, Public Safety and Security, Physics, Engineering and Technology.
Preparation: O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone 3 of 5, which means medium preparation.
Related Careers
These jobs use similar skills, according to O*NET's related-occupation data:
Applying for a Boiler Operator Job
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Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2025 to 2035.
- O*NET 30.1 Database, occupation 51-8021.00 (Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators). View on O*NET OnLine.
This page includes information from the O*NET 30.1 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. The Job Explorer has modified some of the information; USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these changes.